This report does not constitute a rating action. Overview Key strengths Key risks Group support from the parent, Volkswagen AG (VW), under any foreseeable circumstances if necessary. Dependence on VW's franchise, reputation, and credit profile. Broad geographical diversification outside Europe. Business and earnings concentration on car financing, leasing and related mobility services. Investor confidence-sensitive wholesale funding profile. We expect VW, one of the world's largest auto manufacturers, would support its fully owned VWFS Europe and VWFS Overseas under any foreseeable circumstances, if needed, considering their core strategic importance. VW completed the reorganization of its captive finance entities on July 1, 2024, streamlining its newly created VWFS Europe with its core subsidiary, VW Bank GmbH, for its European regulated captive finance