On June 12, 2019, S&P Global Ratings withdrew its 'SD' issuer credit rating on Venezuela-based oil and gas company Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA). At the same time, we withdrew our 'D' issue-level rating on the company's debt. The withdrawal of our ratings on PDVSA follows our repeated attempts to obtain timely information of satisfactory quality from the company in order to maintain our ratings in accordance with our criteria and policies. PDVSA has been unable to meet the coupon payments on its 2017, 2021, 2024, 2026, 2027, and 2037 notes since November 2017 (or we have been unable to obtain a confirmation that the bondholders had received the funds by that date). This constitutes an event of default under