Venezuela-based oil and gas company PDVSA failed to make its interest payments on its 2027 and 2037 senior unsecured notes within the 30-calendar-day grace period, which expired on Nov. 13, 2017. In line with our criteria for timeliness of payments, we are lowering the issue ratings on these bonds to 'D' from 'CC'. At the same time we are lowering our corporate credit rating on PDVSA to 'SD' (selective default) from 'CC'. On Nov. 14, 2017, S&P Global Ratings lowered its corporate credit rating on Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) to 'SD' from 'CC'. At the same time, we lowered our issue-level ratings on the company's senior unsecured notes due 2027 and 2037 to 'D' from 'CC'. We understand that