This report does not constitute a rating action. Overview Key strengths Key risks Group support from the parent, Volkswagen AG (VW), under any foreseeable circumstances if necessary. Dependence on VW's franchise, reputation, and credit profile. Broad business diversification across European markets with 45% in Germany. Business and earnings concentration on car financing, leasing, and related mobility services. Sound financial risk profile with stable earnings from core subsidiaries. Investor confidence-sensitive wholesale funding profile. We expect VW, one of the world's largest auto manufacturers, would support its fully owned VWFS Europe and VWFS Overseas under any foreseeable circumstances, if needed, considering their core strategic importance. VW completed the reorganization of its captive finance entities on July 1, 2024, streamlining its newly created