The stable outlook reflects our expectation that PN's strong competitive position in the Australian rail industry, planned transformation initiatives, and recent cash preservation to protect the balance sheet in the face of economic headwinds will result in credit metrics consistent with the current ratings. In addition, the outlook reflects our expectation that PN's free operating cash flow would remain positive and FFO-to-debt ratio would remain at 17%-19% over the next few years. The outlook also incorporates our belief that management will take steps to preserve the credit metrics in the event of materially worse or sustained economic weakness. This could occur through measures such as control on dividends, management of capex, or a combination of these. The rating could come