Sections
Title | Starting Page | Number of Pages |
---|
Table of Contents | 3 | 4 |
List of Tables | 5 | 1 |
List of Figures | 6 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - Introduction | 7 | 2 |
GBI Research Report Guidance | 8 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - The US | 9 | 21 |
Health Insurance | 10 | 1 |
Health Insurance Coverage | 10 | 1 |
Health Insurance Providers | 10 | 1 |
Public Health Insurance | 10 | 1 |
Private Health Insurance | 11 | 1 |
Major Agencies Involved | 12 | 1 |
Structure of Regulatory System | 12 | 1 |
Pricing of Generics in the US | 12 | 2 |
340B Drug Pricing Program | 14 | 1 |
Reimbursement of Generics in the US | 15 | 1 |
Health Insurance Companies | 16 | 1 |
Pharmacy Benefit Managers | 16 | 1 |
Reimbursement Programs in the US | 17 | 1 |
Case Studies | 18 | 1 |
Discount Programs in Other States | 19 | 1 |
Case Study | 20 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Oncology | 20 | 1 |
Key Trends | 20 | 1 |
Increased Availability of Generic Drugs | 20 | 1 |
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to Tackle Soaring Prescription Drug Prices | 21 | 2 |
Significant Decrease in Average Price of Generic Drugs | 23 | 1 |
Generic Drugs Rebates to be Aligned for Medicare and Medicaid | 23 | 1 |
Lower FEHB Drug Costs | 24 | 1 |
Medicare Part D Changes in Standard Benefit Parameters | 24 | 2 |
Cost-sharing of Generic Drugs | 26 | 1 |
Penalty for Anemia Drug Overuse | 27 | 1 |
Generic Price War at Retail Sector | 27 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 28 | 1 |
Medicare Part B Drug Pricing Does Not Accurately Reflect Market Price | 28 | 1 |
Renewal of Medicaid Drug Payment Policy | 28 | 1 |
Proposed Cuts in Medicare Part B Reimbursement | 28 | 1 |
New Trend in Free Trade Agreements Could Affect Healthcare Programs | 29 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - The Top Five Countries of Europe | 30 | 18 |
The UK | 30 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 31 | 1 |
Key Trends | 31 | 1 |
Generic Substitution Not Implemented | 31 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 32 | 1 |
France | 32 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 33 | 1 |
Important Players | 33 | 1 |
Financing Law of Social Security 2011 | 34 | 1 |
Key Trends | 35 | 1 |
Austerity Plan to Cut 2012 Healthcare Budget | 35 | 1 |
Pharmaceutical Drug Spending Set for Decline | 35 | 1 |
CEPS Adjustments to Drug Pricing Methods | 35 | 1 |
Generics Substitution Missed Targets in 2010 - More Robust Measures Likely In Future | 35 | 1 |
CEPS Sets Up New Reference Prices Generic Groups | 36 | 1 |
Exclusion of Benign Hypertension from Reimbursement | 36 | 1 |
Reimbursement Restrictions for Drugs of Limited Clinical Merit Rating | 36 | 1 |
Reimbursement Cuts for Drugs with Moderate Clinical Benefit | 36 | 1 |
Swift End to Reimbursement of Drugs That Offer Minimal Clinical Benefit | 36 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 37 | 1 |
Generic versus Brand Name Drugs | 37 | 1 |
Germany | 37 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 38 | 1 |
Generic Drugs Reimbursement Prices | 39 | 1 |
Key Trends | 40 | 1 |
Cost Containment Measures | 40 | 1 |
Rebate Contracts between Health Insurance Funds and Manufacturers of Generics | 40 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 40 | 1 |
Italy | 41 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 42 | 1 |
Key Trends | 42 | 1 |
Italian P&R Scene Dominated By Price Cuts and Changes in Reference Price Level | 43 | 1 |
Austerity Package to Affect All the Stakeholders in the Pharmaceutical Industry Chain | 43 | 1 |
Margin Cuts Of Wholesaler and Pharmacists on Top of Price Limits | 43 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 44 | 1 |
Challenge for Generic Drug Producers | 44 | 1 |
Spain | 44 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 45 | 1 |
Key Trends | 45 | 1 |
New Royal Decree to Improve Pharmaceutical Spending and Quality of NHS | 46 | 1 |
Change in the Reference Pricing System | 46 | 1 |
Average Price Cut of 25% on Generic Drugs | 46 | 1 |
Further Pricing Pressure Due to Tendering System and Other Demand-Side Initiatives by Regional Authorities | 46 | 1 |
Generic Drugs on the Rise | 47 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 47 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - Eastern Europe | 48 | 13 |
Czech Republic | 48 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 48 | 1 |
Key Trends | 49 | 1 |
Plans for Pharmacy Discounts | 49 | 1 |
7% Reduction of Drug Prices for Drugs Not Reviewed by SUKL Valid for One Year | 49 | 1 |
Changes in VAT on Medicines Expected From 2012 | 49 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 50 | 1 |
Poland | 50 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 51 | 1 |
Key Trends | 51 | 1 |
Removal of the Proposed 3% Tax in the Initial Draft of Reimbursement Act | 52 | 1 |
Expenditure on Reimbursement of Medicines Fixed at 17% of the NHF | 52 | 1 |
Fixed Price on Reimbursed Medicines | 52 | 1 |
Margins of Wholesalers to Be Reduced Periodically | 52 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 52 | 1 |
Austria | 53 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 53 | 1 |
Key Trends | 54 | 1 |
Romania | 54 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 54 | 1 |
Key Trends | 55 | 1 |
New International Reference Pricing Will Give a Boost to Generics Producers | 55 | 1 |
Change in Reference Price Calculation | 55 | 1 |
New Reimbursement Method for C2 Drugs | 55 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 56 | 1 |
Claw-back System Threatens Pharmaceutical Market | 56 | 1 |
Extension in Drug Reimbursement Period | 57 | 1 |
Case Study | 57 | 1 |
Hungary | 57 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 58 | 1 |
Key Trends | 59 | 1 |
Price Reductions due to Quarterly Price Competition Program between Generic Manufacturers | 59 | 1 |
Price Fixing Of Composite Drugs to Deliver Savings | 59 | 1 |
Increase in Levy on Revenue from Reimbursed Drugs Sale from 12% to 20% | 59 | 1 |
Generics Set for Further 5% Reference Price Reductions | 60 | 1 |
Limited Reimbursement for Uncooperative Patients | 60 | 1 |
New Price Bidding System | 60 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 60 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - Scandinavia | 61 | 11 |
Norway | 61 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 61 | 2 |
Contribution System | 63 | 1 |
Hospital Pricing and Reimbursement | 63 | 1 |
Key Trends | 64 | 1 |
Sweden | 64 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 64 | 2 |
Major Challenges | 66 | 1 |
Finland | 66 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 67 | 2 |
Denmark | 69 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 69 | 2 |
Key Trends | 71 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - Asia-Pacific | 72 | 20 |
Japan | 72 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 72 | 1 |
Diagnosis Procedure Combination Reimbursement System in Japan - Immense Savings for the Government | 73 | 1 |
Key Trends | 74 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 74 | 1 |
Australia | 74 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 75 | 1 |
Key Trends | 76 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 77 | 1 |
Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement | 77 | 1 |
China | 77 | 2 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 79 | 1 |
Essential Medicine System to Offer Twin Benefits: Curb Rising Drug Prices and Easy Accessibility of Drugs | 79 | 1 |
Drug Pricing Mechanism | 80 | 1 |
NDRC Drug Pricing: Criteria for Evaluation | 81 | 1 |
Differential Drug Pricing | 81 | 1 |
Regulatory Authorities involved in Reimbursement of Drugs | 81 | 1 |
Basic Healthcare Insurance System | 82 | 1 |
Improved Basic Medical Insurance System | 82 | 1 |
Key Trends | 82 | 1 |
Price Cuts for the Second Time in 2011 | 82 | 1 |
National Health Reforms | 82 | 1 |
NDRL 2009 to Push Drug Sales in the Future | 83 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 83 | 1 |
Wide Gap between Need for Healthcare Services and Health Insurance | 83 | 1 |
Cuts in Mark-up to Hard Hit Public Health Facilities | 84 | 1 |
Price Cuts Ineffective in Curbing Healthcare Expenditure | 84 | 1 |
Price Cuts and Hospital Tendering Process: Erosion of Generic Margins | 84 | 1 |
Generic Brands Less Encouraged | 85 | 1 |
India | 85 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement Process | 86 | 1 |
Jan Aushadhi Shops | 87 | 1 |
Health Insurance | 88 | 1 |
Medical Reimbursement | 89 | 1 |
Key Trends | 90 | 1 |
Free Medicines Scheme | 90 | 1 |
Generics Only Prescriptions by Government Doctors | 90 | 1 |
Insurers Reducing Health Benefits | 90 | 1 |
Major Challenges | 90 | 1 |
Generic Drug Prices Set to Increase | 91 | 1 |
Generic Drug Shortage | 91 | 1 |
Pricing and Reimbursement in Generics - Appendix | 92 | 8 |
Market Definitions | 92 | 1 |
Abbreviations | 92 | 4 |
Research Methodology | 96 | 3 |
The US | 96 | 1 |
Methodology | 96 | 1 |
Sources of Coverage | 96 | 1 |
Top Five Countries of Europe | 97 | 1 |
Methodology | 97 | 1 |
Sources of Coverage | 97 | 1 |
Eastern Europe | 97 | 1 |
Methodology | 97 | 1 |
Sources of Coverage | 97 | 1 |
Scandinavia | 97 | 1 |
Methodology | 97 | 1 |
Sources of Coverage | 97 | 1 |
Asia-Pacific | 98 | 1 |
Methodology | 98 | 1 |
Sources of Coverage | 98 | 1 |
Contact Us | 98 | 1 |
Disclaimer | 98 | 1 |
Sources | 98 | 2 |