Sections
Title | Starting Page | Number of Pages |
---|
1 Table of Contents | 5 | 4 |
1.1 List of Tables | 7 | 1 |
1.2 List of Figures | 7 | 2 |
2 Introduction | 9 | 16 |
2.1 Disease Introduction | 9 | 1 |
2.2 Symptoms | 9 | 1 |
2.3 Etiology | 10 | 1 |
2.3.1 Genetic Factors | 10 | 1 |
2.3.2 Environmental Factors | 11 | 1 |
2.3.3 Aging | 11 | 1 |
2.4 Pathophysiology | 12 | 1 |
2.5 Epidemiology | 13 | 1 |
2.6 Disease Stages | 14 | 1 |
2.7 Co-morbidities and Complications | 15 | 1 |
2.8 Diagnosis | 15 | 1 |
2.9 Assessment of Disease Severity | 16 | 1 |
2.9.1 Hoehn and Yahr scale | 16 | 1 |
2.9.2 Unified Parkinson s Disease Rating Scale | 16 | 1 |
2.10 Treatment | 17 | 1 |
2.10.1 Pharmacological Therapies | 18 | 1 |
2.10.1.1 Levodopa | 18 | 1 |
2.10.1.2 Dopamine Receptor Agonists | 18 | 1 |
2.10.1.3 Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors | 19 | 1 |
2.10.1.4 Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors | 19 | 1 |
2.10.1.5 Anticholinergic agents | 19 | 1 |
2.10.1.6 Amantadine | 20 | 1 |
2.10.1.7 Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist | 20 | 1 |
2.10.2 Non-pharmacological Treatments | 20 | 1 |
2.10.2.1 Deep brain stimulation | 20 | 1 |
2.10.2.2 Lesioning surgery | 20 | 1 |
2.11 Treatment Algorithm | 21 | 1 |
2.11.1 Early Parkinson s Disease | 21 | 1 |
2.11.2 Advanced Parkinson s Disease | 22 | 3 |
3 Marketed Products | 25 | 19 |
3.1 Overview | 25 | 1 |
3.1.1 Dopamine Replacement Therapies | 25 | 1 |
3.1.1.1 Sinemet (carbidopa and levodopa) Merck &Co | 25 | 1 |
3.1.1.2 Madopar (levodopa, benserazide hydrochloride) F.Hoffmann-La Roche | 26 | 1 |
3.1.1.3 Rytary (levodopa and carbidopa extended-release) Impax Laboratories | 26 | 1 |
3.1.1.4 Stalevo (levodopa and carbidopa and entacapone) Orion, Novartis | 27 | 1 |
3.1.1.5 Duopa (levodopa and carbidopa) AbbVie | 27 | 1 |
3.1.2 MAO-B Inhibitors | 28 | 1 |
3.1.2.1 Azilect (rasagiline mesylate) Teva | 28 | 1 |
3.1.2.2 Eldepryl (selegiline hydrochloride) Kedrion | 29 | 1 |
3.1.2.3 Xadago (safinamide) Zambon | 30 | 1 |
3.1.3 Dopamine Agonists | 30 | 1 |
3.1.3.1 Requip (ropinirole hydroxide) GlaxoSmithKline | 30 | 1 |
3.1.3.2 Mirapex (pramipexole dihydrochloride) Boehringer Ingelheim | 31 | 1 |
3.1.3.3 Neupro (rotigotine) UCB | 32 | 1 |
3.1.3.4 Apokyn (apomorphine hydrochloride) Britannia Pharmaceuticals | 33 | 1 |
3.1.3.5 Permax (pergolide mesylate) Eli Lilly | 34 | 1 |
3.1.3.6 Cabaser (cabergoline) Pfizer | 34 | 1 |
3.1.3.7 Parlodel (bromocriptine mesylate) Novartis | 35 | 1 |
3.1.4 COMT Inhibitors | 35 | 1 |
3.1.4.1 Comtan (entacapone) Orion | 35 | 1 |
3.1.4.2 Tasmar (tolcapone) Meda | 36 | 1 |
3.1.4.3 Nouriast (istradefylline) Kyowa Hakko Kirin | 37 | 1 |
3.1.4.4 Exelon (rivastigmine tartrate) Novartis | 37 | 1 |
3.1.4.5 Symmetrel (amantadine hydrochloride) Alliance Pharma | 38 | 1 |
3.1.5 Other Drugs Targeting Non-motor Symptoms of PD | 39 | 1 |
3.1.5.1 Clozaril (clozapine) Novartis | 39 | 1 |
3.1.5.2 Seroquel (quetiapine fumarate) AstraZeneca | 40 | 1 |
3.2 Comparative Efficacy and Safety | 40 | 4 |
4 Pipeline for Parkinson s Disease | 44 | 30 |
4.1 Overview | 44 | 2 |
4.2 Pipeline Distribution by Mechanism of Action/Molecular Target | 46 | 3 |
4.3 Clinical Trials | 49 | 1 |
4.3.1 Failure Rate | 49 | 2 |
4.3.2 Clinical Trial Duration | 51 | 2 |
4.3.3 Clinical Trial Size | 53 | 2 |
4.3.4 Comparison of Average Trial Metrics by Phase and Mechanism of Action | 55 | 1 |
4.4 Promising Pipeline Molecules | 56 | 1 |
4.4.1 Opicapone Bial | 56 | 2 |
4.4.2 Nuplazid (pimavanserin) Acadia Pharmaceuticals | 58 | 1 |
4.4.3 Nurelin (Amantadine Hydrochloride Extended-Release) Adamas Pharmaceuticals | 59 | 1 |
4.4.4 Tozadenant Biotie Therapies | 60 | 1 |
4.4.5 APL-130277 (apomorphine hydrochloride) Cynapsus Therapeutics | 61 | 2 |
4.4.6 P2B001 (pramipexole dihydrochloride + rasagiline mesylate) Pharma Two B | 63 | 1 |
4.4.7 DM-1992 (levodopa + carbidopa extended release) Depomed | 63 | 2 |
4.4.8 CVT-301 (levodopa) Acorda Therapeutics | 65 | 1 |
4.4.9 Dipraglurant Immediate-Release Addex Therapeutics | 65 | 1 |
4.4.10 Accordion Pill (levodopa and carbidopa) Intec Pharma | 66 | 1 |
4.4.11 ND-0612L (levodopa and carbidopa) NeuroDerm | 67 | 2 |
4.5 Heatmaps of Safety and Efficacy for Parkinson s Disease Pipeline and Marketed Products | 69 | 4 |
4.6 Pipeline Product Heat Map and Product Competitiveness Framework | 73 | 1 |
5 Market Forecast to 2021 | 74 | 14 |
5.1 Geographical Markets | 74 | 1 |
5.1.1 Global Market | 74 | 2 |
5.1.2 North America | 76 | 1 |
5.1.2.1 Treatment Usage Pattern | 76 | 1 |
5.1.2.2 Annual Cost of Therapy | 77 | 1 |
5.1.2.3 Market Size | 78 | 1 |
5.1.3 Top Five European Markets | 79 | 1 |
5.1.3.1 Treatment Usage Pattern | 79 | 2 |
5.1.3.2 Annual Cost of Therapy | 81 | 1 |
5.1.3.3 Market Size | 82 | 2 |
5.1.4 Japan | 84 | 1 |
5.1.4.1 Treatment Usage Pattern | 84 | 1 |
5.1.4.2 Annual Cost of Therapy | 84 | 1 |
5.1.4.3 Market Size | 85 | 1 |
5.2 Drivers and Barriers | 85 | 1 |
5.2.1 Drivers | 85 | 1 |
5.2.1.1 Increasing Incidence Driven by an Aging Population | 85 | 1 |
5.2.1.2 Emergence of Treatments Targeting Side Effects of Long-Term Levodopa Treatment | 85 | 1 |
5.2.1.3 Promising Safety Profile of Nuplazid to Treat Psychosis in Parkinson s Disease | 85 | 1 |
5.2.1.4 Continuous Innovation in Drug Delivery Method | 86 | 1 |
5.2.1.5 Presence of Neuroprotective Candidates in Early Pipeline | 86 | 1 |
5.2.1.6 Collaboration to Streamline Clinical Trials and Facilitate Greater Clinical Data Sharing | 86 | 1 |
5.2.2 Barriers | 86 | 1 |
5.2.2.1 Patent Expirations | 86 | 1 |
5.2.2.2 Lack of Understanding of Disease Pathogenesis | 86 | 1 |
5.2.2.3 Difficulties in Developing Neuroprotective Therapy | 87 | 1 |
5.2.2.4 Lack of a Validated Biomarker | 87 | 1 |
5.2.2.5 Limitations of Clinical Diagnosis of Parkinson s Disease | 87 | 1 |
6 Strategic Consolidations | 88 | 8 |
6.1 Major Co-Development Deals | 88 | 2 |
6.1.1 TechnoPhage Enters into Co-Development Agreement with University of Macau | 90 | 1 |
6.1.2 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Enters into Research Agreement with CiRA and Hitachi | 90 | 1 |
6.1.3 MJFF Enters into Agreement with Prothena | 90 | 1 |
6.1.4 Ubiquigent Enters into Co-Development Agreement with UbiQ | 91 | 1 |
6.1.5 23andMe Partners with Genentech | 91 | 1 |
6.2 Major Licensing Deals | 91 | 2 |
6.2.1 Cephalon Enters Into Licensing Agreement With Mesoblast For Regenerative Medicine | 93 | 1 |
6.2.2 Dexcel Pharma Enters into Licensing Agreement with Ramot at Tel Aviv University | 94 | 1 |
6.2.3 Neuropore Therapies Enters into Licensing Agreement with UCB | 94 | 1 |
6.2.4 Catalent Pharma Solutions Enters into Licensing Agreement with Sellas Life Sciences | 94 | 1 |
6.2.5 MedGenesis Therapeutix Enters into Licensing Agreement with Pfizer | 95 | 1 |
7 Appendix | 96 | 41 |
7.1 All Pipeline Drugs by Stage of Development | 96 | 23 |
7.1.1 Discovery | 96 | 4 |
7.1.2 Preclinical | 100 | 12 |
7.1.3 IND/CTA-filed | 112 | 1 |
7.1.4 Phase I | 113 | 2 |
7.1.5 Phase II | 115 | 2 |
7.1.6 Phase III | 117 | 1 |
7.1.7 Pre-registration | 118 | 1 |
7.2 Market Forecasts to 2021 | 118 | 4 |
7.2.1 Global | 118 | 1 |
7.2.2 US | 118 | 1 |
7.2.3 Canada | 119 | 1 |
7.2.4 UK | 119 | 1 |
7.2.5 France | 119 | 1 |
7.2.6 Germany | 120 | 1 |
7.2.7 Italy | 120 | 1 |
7.2.8 Spain | 120 | 1 |
7.2.9 Japan | 121 | 1 |
7.3 References | 121 | 8 |
7.4 Abbreviations | 129 | 3 |
7.5 Research Methodology | 132 | 1 |
7.6 Secondary Research | 133 | 1 |
7.7 Marketed Product Profiles | 133 | 1 |
7.8 Late-Stage Pipeline Candidates | 133 | 1 |
7.9 Comparative Efficacy and Safety Heat Map for Marketed and Pipeline Products | 134 | 1 |
7.10 Product Competitiveness Framework | 134 | 1 |
7.11 Pipeline Analysis | 134 | 2 |
7.11.1 Overall Pipeline | 134 | 1 |
7.11.2 Clinical Trials | 134 | 1 |
7.11.3 Failure Rate | 134 | 1 |
7.11.4 Clinical Trial Size | 135 | 1 |
7.11.5 Clinical Trial Duration | 135 | 1 |
7.11.6 Forecasting Model | 135 | 1 |
7.12 Deals Data Analysis | 136 | 1 |
7.13 Expert Panel Validation | 136 | 1 |
7.14 Contact Us | 136 | 1 |
7.15 Disclaimer | 136 | 1 |