Sections
Title | Starting Page | Number of Pages |
---|
Table of Contents | 6 | 3 |
List of Tables | 8 | 1 |
List of Figures | 8 | 1 |
Introduction | 9 | 1 |
Accelerating Drugs to Market - Overview | 10 | 10 |
Drug Development Process | 12 | 1 |
Early Stage Drug Discovery | 12 | 1 |
Clinical Development Time and Protocol Amendments | 13 | 1 |
Phase I | 14 | 1 |
Phase II | 14 | 1 |
Phase III | 14 | 1 |
Registration | 14 | 1 |
Phase IV | 14 | 1 |
Need to Accelerate the Drug Development Process | 15 | 1 |
Strict Regime in Regulations of Drug Approvals | 15 | 1 |
Declining Returns on R&D Investment | 16 | 1 |
Low R&D Productivity | 17 | 1 |
Misconceptions of Accelerated Drug Development | 17 | 1 |
Completeness of the Drug Development Process | 17 | 1 |
Cost of Accelerated Drug Development | 17 | 1 |
Quality of Study in Accelerated Drug Development | 17 | 1 |
Causes of Delay in Drug Development | 18 | 1 |
Delay during the Nonclinical Stage of Drug Development | 18 | 1 |
Interruption of Drug Supplies | 18 | 1 |
Objectives of Nonclinical Studies Do Not Match with Clinical Goals | 18 | 1 |
Delay During the Clinical Stage of Drug Development | 18 | 1 |
Inability to Resolve Issues Due to Lack of Internal Processes | 18 | 1 |
Issues with Patient Recruitment and Retention | 18 | 1 |
Issues with Manufacturing | 19 | 1 |
Issues with Ethics Committee | 19 | 1 |
Accelerating Drugs Through the Lead Generation Phase | 20 | 18 |
Process of Lead Generation | 20 | 1 |
Pre-Discovery | 20 | 1 |
Target Identification | 21 | 1 |
Target Validation | 21 | 1 |
Lead Identification | 22 | 1 |
Early Safety Tests | 22 | 1 |
Lead Optimization | 23 | 1 |
Traditional Strategies of Lead Generation | 24 | 1 |
High Throughput Screening | 24 | 1 |
In Vitro Studies of Drug Absorption | 25 | 1 |
Extrapolation of In Vitro Absorption Data | 25 | 1 |
In Vitro Studies of Protein Binding | 25 | 1 |
In Vitro/In Vivo Protein Binding | 25 | 1 |
Plasma and Tissue Protein Binding | 26 | 1 |
Fragment-Based Lead Discovery | 26 | 1 |
Advantages of Fragment-Based Drug Design over High Throughput Screening | 26 | 1 |
Antisense Technology | 27 | 1 |
Iterative Focused Screening | 28 | 1 |
Emerging Strategies of Lead Generation | 28 | 1 |
Improving High Throughput Screening | 28 | 1 |
Improving In Vitro Assays for HTS | 29 | 1 |
Whole Animal Imaging and Microscopy | 29 | 1 |
Computerized Combinatorial Chemistry and 3D Molecular Modeling | 30 | 1 |
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship | 30 | 1 |
Computer Aided Drug Design | 30 | 1 |
Computer Automated Structure Evaluation | 30 | 1 |
Molecular Modeling | 30 | 1 |
Service Providers | 31 | 1 |
Case Studies | 32 | 1 |
Molecular Bioimaging | 32 | 1 |
Case Study | 32 | 1 |
Omics-Technology and Bioinformatics | 33 | 1 |
Service Providers | 34 | 1 |
Case Study | 35 | 1 |
Outsourcing of Lead Generation | 36 | 1 |
Case Study | 37 | 1 |
Accelerating Drugs Through the Preclinical Stage | 38 | 8 |
Preclinical Studies - An Overview | 38 | 1 |
Preclinical Study Design and Planning | 38 | 1 |
Preclinical Study - Strategic Planning | 38 | 1 |
Key Considerations During Preclinical Study Design | 38 | 1 |
Establishment of Rationale | 38 | 1 |
Identification and Selection of a Clinical Indication | 38 | 1 |
Selection of an Appropriate Species | 39 | 1 |
Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Parameters | 39 | 1 |
Characterization of Toxicities | 39 | 1 |
Strategies and Models to Accelerate the Transition from Preclinical Phase to Clinical Phase I | 39 | 1 |
In Vitro ADMET Screening Models | 40 | 1 |
In Vivo ADMET Screening Models | 40 | 1 |
Vertebrate Models | 40 | 1 |
Invertebrate Models | 41 | 1 |
In Silico ADMET Screening Models | 41 | 1 |
Protein Modeling | 41 | 1 |
Accelerating Drugs to Market through Effective Documentation in the Preclinical Phase | 41 | 1 |
Recent Technology Developments | 42 | 1 |
Biomarkers | 42 | 1 |
Nanotechnology | 42 | 1 |
In Vivo Imaging | 43 | 1 |
Accelerating Drugs to Market - Preclinical Models: Case Studies | 43 | 1 |
Apredica s Customized In Vitro ADMET Screening Assays | 43 | 1 |
AVEO Pharmaceuticals Breakthrough with Transgenic Mouse Model for Human Breast Cancer | 44 | 1 |
Preclinical Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Biomarker Strategy by Pfizer | 44 | 1 |
Simulation Modeling to Treat Spinal Cord Injuries by Novartis | 45 | 1 |
Accelerating Drug Transition in Phase I Studies | 46 | 7 |
Phase I Clinical Studies - An overview | 46 | 1 |
Phase I Study Design and Planning | 46 | 1 |
Standard Design | 46 | 1 |
Strategies and Models to Accelerate Transition from Phase I to Phase II | 46 | 1 |
Site Selection and Management | 46 | 1 |
Site Initiation Process | 47 | 1 |
Site Selection and Qualification | 47 | 1 |
Contract and Budget Negotiation | 48 | 1 |
Regulatory Submission and Approval | 48 | 1 |
Strategies to Minimize Site Initiation Delays | 48 | 1 |
Translation of Study Material | 48 | 1 |
Contracts by Function | 48 | 1 |
Legal and Ethical Plan | 49 | 1 |
Proper Project Management Approach | 49 | 1 |
Role of the Site Management Organization in Decreasing Timelines | 49 | 1 |
Effective Patient Recruitment | 49 | 1 |
Support and Guidance | 49 | 1 |
Partnership with Investigators | 50 | 1 |
Timely Ethics Committee Management | 50 | 1 |
Optimizing Clinical Trial Supply through a Clinical Trial Management System | 50 | 1 |
Patient Recruitment Strategies | 51 | 2 |
Accelerating Drug Transition in Phase II Studies | 53 | 3 |
Phase II Clinical Studies - An Overview | 53 | 1 |
Phase II Study Design and Planning | 53 | 1 |
Strategies and Models to Accelerate Transition from Phase II to Phase III | 53 | 1 |
Selection of Primary Endpoint | 53 | 1 |
Randomization of Phase II Trials | 53 | 1 |
Use of Biomarkers | 54 | 1 |
Statistical Designs in Phase II Trials | 54 | 1 |
Increasing Patient Recruitment through the Use of Social Media | 54 | 1 |
Seamless Phase II/III Designs | 55 | 1 |
Accelerating Drug Transition in Phase III Studies | 56 | 2 |
Trends in Drug Transition from Phase III to NDA Filing | 56 | 1 |
Issues and Challenges in Drug Transition | 56 | 1 |
Strategies and Models to Accelerate Transition from Phase III to NDA Filing | 56 | 1 |
Adaptive Trial Designs | 56 | 1 |
Recruitment and Retention of Patients in Phase III Clinical Trials | 57 | 1 |
Accelerating Drugs to Market - Appendix | 58 | 6 |
Market Definitions | 58 | 1 |
Abbreviations | 58 | 1 |
Bibliography | 59 | 3 |
Research Methodology | 62 | 2 |
Coverage | 62 | 1 |
Secondary Research | 62 | 1 |
Primary Research | 62 | 1 |
Expert Panel Validation | 63 | 1 |
Contact Us | 63 | 1 |
Disclaimer | 63 | 1 |