The Russia-Ukraine conflict could potentially last longer than S&P Global Ratings first expected, and this is likely to dent confidence further and cause additional rerouting of energy flows. The future development of the conflict is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, but so far has not spread beyond the two countries. Although the Russia-Ukraine conflict has substantially affected the macroeconomic outlook--including growth, inflation, and fiscal balances--across CEE and CIS, the immediate pressure on sovereign credit quality has proved limited. Despite their geographical proximity, CEE/CIS countries often have only limited direct trade and financial linkages with Russia and Ukraine. In particular, for several CEE sovereigns, their most important direct linkages relate to energy imports from Russia, and generally these gas