Our stable outlook on Visa reflects S&P Global Ratings' expectation that the company will maintain solid earnings, high and stable profit margins, and low leverage--without any major disruption at least in the next two years from technological advancement, litigation, or regulation. More specifically, we expect Visa to operate with debt to EBITDA around 0.6x or lower, as we measure it, with EBITDA margins near 70%. We could lower our ratings on Visa if its leverage rose significantly, particularly if debt to EBITDA approached or exceeded 1.5x without a plan to materially reduce it. We could also lower the rating if its profitability fell significantly, if existing or new regulatory or legal challenges prove more problematic than we currently anticipate, or