...- We believe softening demand amid a global economic slowdown is pushing down BASF SE's volumes and margins, especially in the upstream businesses. - We anticipate BASF's leverage will increase in 2023 and remain elevated in 2024 due to peaking capital expenditure (capex), with S&P Global Ratings-adjusted funds from operations (FFO) to debt moving below the minimum of 35% we expect for an 'A' rating. - Moreover, relatively high energy prices, lower growth prospects, and increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) costs in Europe have resulted in competitive disadvantages for BASF's European production assets. - We therefore lowered our long- and short-term issuer credit ratings on BASF to 'A-/A-2' from 'A/A-1' and issue ratings on its debt to 'A-' from 'A'. - The stable outlook reflects that we expect stabilizing market conditions--combined with continuous efforts to reduce costs, unwind working capital, and maintain strict capex control--should help BASF maintain adjusted FFO to debt above 30% in...