British American Tobacco's (BAT's) credit metrics improved in 2023, with S&P Global Ratings-adjusted debt to EBITDA decreasing to 2.9x (from 3.5x in 2022), in line with our base case. This was notably thanks to a solid operating performance in key markets and in new categories supporting strong free operating cash flow (FOCF) generation (£7.3 billion in 2023, stable versus last year). For 2024-2025 we forecast BAT to generate slightly lower adjusted EBITDA and FOCF versus 2023 reflecting higher investments in new categories and rising financing costs. However, we foresee the group maintaining stable credit metrics such that adjusted debt to EBITDA remains around 3.0x. This is thanks to its improved financial headroom and, in our view, BAT will pursue a