...- Spanish incumbent telecom operator Telefonica S.A.'s adjusted leverage increased in 2019, contrasting with our expectation for improving credit metrics helped by asset disposals and one-off tax refunds. - Market conditions in Spain and some other markets, as well as currency-related stress in its Latin American operations, could make it challenging for the company to reduce adjusted leverage through organic EBITDA growth and discretionary cash flow (DCF) in the near-term. - S&P Global Ratings is revising the outlook on Telefonica to negative from stable and affirming our '###' long-term issuer credit rating on the company. - The negative outlook reflects the risk of a downgrade if we no longer expect Telefonica will make significant progress in reducing its leverage in 2020 as an intermediate step for returning to comfortably below maximum adjusted debt to EBITDA of 3.25x in 2021 (derived from about 3.5x using proportionate consolidation), in addition to maintaining sustainable adjusted...