...- Despite governments' measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, European economies, including Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, face an unprecedented challenge to manage the slowdown of corporates' activity and of global trade given these economies' high degree of openness. - We continue to expect the various Benelux governments' wide-ranging fiscal and related monetary measures to substantially mitigate this extraordinarily sharp, cyclical shock to the economy, and so also support the banking systems in their key role as a conduit of fiscal and monetary support. - Even under our base case of an economic recovery starting in third-quarter 2020, we expect bank earnings, asset quality, and in some cases, capitalization, to weaken meaningfully through end-2020 and into 2021. - Our negative rating actions reflect these factors and our view that downside risks remain substantial. That said, we continue to see differentiated implications for banks in the region. - We could take further...